The human excretory system functions to remove waste from the body through the skin as…

Figure 11.1 An arctic fox is a complex animal, well adapted to its environment. (credit:…

Proteins are the final products of genes that perform the function encoded by the gene.…

Genomics in Forensic Analysis Information and clues obtained from DNA samples found at crime scenes…

Traditionally, microbiology has been taught with the view that microorganisms are best studied under pure…

Pharmacogenomics involves evaluating the effectiveness and safety of drugs on the basis of information from…

Although there have been significant advances in the medical sciences in recent years, doctors are…

The study of nucleic acids began with the discovery of DNA, progressed to the study…

Traditional vaccination strategies use weakened or inactive forms of microorganisms or viruses to stimulate the…

It is easy to see how biotechnology can be used for medicinal purposes. Knowledge of…