Human Pregnancy and Birth
Pregnancy begins with the fertilization of an egg and continues through to the birth of…
The Ovarian Cycle and the Menstrual Cycle
The ovarian cycle governs the preparation of endocrine tissues and release of eggs, while the menstrual cycle governs…
Hormonal Control of Human Reproduction
The human male and female reproductive cycles are controlled by the interaction of hormones from…
Gametogenesis (Spermatogenesis and Oogenesis)
Gametogenesis, the production of sperm and eggs, takes place through the process of meiosis. During…
Female Reproductive Anatomy
A number of reproductive structures are exterior to the female’s body. These include the breasts…
Human Reproductive Anatomy and Gametogenesis
As animals became more complex, specific organs and organ systems developed to support specific functions…
Animal Reproduction and Development
Figure 24.1. Female seahorses produce eggs for reproduction that are then fertilized by the male.…
Disruptions in the Immune System
A functioning immune system is essential for survival, but even the sophisticated cellular and molecular…
Antibodies
An antibody, also known as an immunoglobulin (Ig), is a protein that is produced by plasma…
Primary Centers of the Immune System
Although the immune system is characterized by circulating cells throughout the body, the regulation, maturation,…