Molecules can regulate enzyme function in many ways. The major question remains, however: What are…

A substance that helps a chemical reaction to occur is called a catalyst, and the…

After learning that chemical reactions release energy when energy-storing bonds are broken, an important next…

When an object is in motion, there is energy associated with that object. Think of…

Energy Thermodynamics refers to the study of energy and energy transfer involving physical matter. The…

Consider the metabolism of sugar. This is a classic example of one of the many…

Figure 4.1 A hummingbird needs energy to maintain prolonged flight. The bird obtains its energy…

In contrast to these methods of moving material into a cell is the process of…

Endocytosis is a type of active transport that moves particles, such as large molecules, parts…

We have discussed simple concentration gradients—differential concentrations of a substance across a space or a…