At this point, it should be clear that eukaryotic cells have a more complex structure…

Cells fall into one of two broad categories: prokaryotic and eukaryotic. The predominantly single-celled organisms…

Cells vary in size. With few exceptions, individual cells are too small to be seen…

Figure 3.1 (a) Nasal sinus cells (viewed with a light microscope), (b) onion cells (viewed…

DNA has a double-helical structure. It is composed of two strands, or polymers, of nucleotides.…

Nucleic acids are key macromolecules in the continuity of life. They carry the genetic blueprint of…

Proteins Protiens are one of the most abundant organic molecules in living systems and have…

Lipids include a diverse group of compounds that are united by a common feature. Lipids are…

The large molecules necessary for life that are built from smaller organic molecules are called…

The pH of a solution is a measure of its acidity or alkalinity. You have…