Transport of Gases in Human Bodily Fluids
Once the oxygen diffuses across the alveoli, it enters the bloodstream and is transported to…
The Work of Breathing
The number of breaths per minute is the respiratory rate. On average, under non-exertion conditions, the…
The Mechanics of Human Breathing
Boyle’s Law is the gas law that states that in a closed space, pressure and…
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Gas Pressure and Respiration
The respiratory process can be better understood by examining the properties of gases. Gases move…
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Gas Exchange across Respiratory Surfaces
The structure of the lung maximizes its surface area to increase gas diffusion. Because of…
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Lungs: Bronchi and Alveoli
The end of the trachea bifurcates (divides) to the right and left lungs. The lungs…
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The Respiratory System
Figure 20.1. Lungs, which appear as nearly transparent tissue surrounding the heart in this X-ray…
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Sliding Filament Model of Contraction
For a muscle cell to contract, the sarcomere must shorten. However, thick and thin filaments—the…
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Muscle Contraction and Locomotion
Muscle cells are specialized for contraction. Muscles allow for motions such as walking, and they…