Biotechnology

Cellular responses to invading pathogens utilize phagocytic and cytotoxic cells of the innate and adaptive immune responses. The immune system…

The use of monoclonal antibodies to treat diseases is called immunotherapy therapy because each type…

What are human monoclonal antibodies? An antibody is a protein produced by the body's immune…

The clonal selection hypothesis has become a widely accepted model for how the immune system…

According to the Atomic hypothesis, all things are made up of small fundamental units termed…

Whenever we refer a pathogen, we may think the entire microbe is responsible for the…

Antigen, substance that is capable of stimulating an immune response, specifically activating lymphocytes, which are…

The lymphoid tissues can be divided into primary and secondary lymphoid organs. Primary lymphoid tissues…

Our immune system is essential for our survival. Without an immune system, our bodies would…

In most instances, bacteria are destroyed by the cooperative efforts of phagocytic cells, antibody and…