There are different types of neurons, and the functional role of a given neuron is…

Figure 16.1.  An athlete’s nervous system is hard at work during the planning and execution…

The brain is the control center for the sensation of hunger and satiety. The functions…

Obtaining nutrition and energy from food is a multi-step process. For true animals, the first…

Animals need food to obtain energy and maintain homeostasis. Homeostasis is the ability of a…

Given the diversity of animal life on our planet, it is not surprising that the…

The vertebrate digestive system is designed to facilitate the transformation of food matter into the…

Vertebrates have evolved more complex digestive systems to adapt to their dietary needs. Some animals…

Animals have evolved different types of digestive systems to aid in the digestion of the…

Figure 15.1.  For humans, fruits and vegetables are important in maintaining a balanced diet. (credit:…