When vegetative cells of certain bacteria such as Bacillus spp and Clostridium spp are subjected to environmental stresses such…

INTENDED USE Hardy Diagnostics Flagella Stain is recommended for use in detecting the presence and…

It is the differential staining techniques which was first developed by Ziehl and later on…

Gram staining method, the most important procedure in Microbiology, was developed by Danish physician Hans…

Today we know a large number of aromatic and aliphatic compounds. Hydrocarbons are most common…

Viewing Bacterial Cells The microscope is a very important tool in microbiology, but there are…

How does electron microscopy work?   Three main factors underlie the scientific principle of microscopy: magnification,…

AFM and STM AFM refers to Atomic Force Microscope and STM refers to Scanning Tunneling…

INTRODUCTION Understanding the functions of microbial cell surfaces requires knowledge of their structural and physical…

The world of the very small first opened itself to the eyes of mankind in…