Posted inRegenerative Medicine
Posted inBioorganic Chemistry
Second Law of Thermodynamics: Entropy
The second law of thermodynamics states that the universe (i.e. all systems) tend to the…
Posted inBioorganic Chemistry
First Law of Thermodynamics
Stated simply; The total energy of the universe does not change. This does not mean…
Posted inBioorganic Chemistry
Kinetic Isotope Effects
The kinetic isotope effect (KIE) is a phenomenon associated with isotopically substituted molecules exhibiting different reaction rates. Isotope…
Posted inBioorganic Chemistry
Kinetic Versus Thermodynamic Products
Kinetic products form the fastest. They usually occur at or below 0°C. This is also…
Posted inBioorganic Chemistry
The Principle of Microscopic Reversibility
The principle of microscopic reversibility applies to any molecular process; it is inferred from the…
Posted inBioorganic Chemistry
Definition of a Reaction Intermediate
What exactly is a reaction intermediate? A reaction intermediate is formed from the reactants in a chemical…
Posted inBioorganic Chemistry
Transition state
The transition state of a chemical reaction is a particular configuration along the reaction coordinate. It is defined as the…
Posted inBioorganic Chemistry
Ester Enolates
we introduced the enolates of aldehydes and ketones (review) and looked at their reactions as C nucleophiles…
Posted inBioorganic Chemistry
Acid-Catalyzed Ester Hydrolysis
Water the Destroyer Imagine that water, the stuff you drink everyday, is actually a superhero…
Posted inBioorganic Chemistry
Reaction with Primary Amines to form Imines
The reaction of aldehydes and ketones with ammonia or 1º-amines forms imine derivatives, also known as Schiff…